The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.